The purpose of this article is to study telecommunication cables, one of the types of Low Voltage cables. Next, we will study the coaxial cables and finally introduce the products of Kerman ZarCable Company in this field.
Today, a large part of our daily life includes long-distance communication, whether through the Internet, radio, or smartphones. To establish these communications, there is an urgent need for telecommunication cables to connect different points so that different points can be connected to each other. This communication is possible through the use of land, air and sea telecommunication cables.
With the introduction of wireless technology (WiFi), which has received more attention, cables and wires used in these areas can be eliminated in many areas. However, even the telecommunication towers that transmit these signals still require wiring. Behind the scenes of these networks and electrical systems, telecommunication cables play a prominent role and are used to transmit information. Telecommunication signals with high resistance can also be used in situations such as the bottom of the seas. For example, we can mention the longest maritime telecommunication cable (SEA-ME-WE3), which with a length of more than 38,000 kilometers has established communication between more than 30 countries and by crossing the border of three continents and from west to east, from the northern border of Germany reaches Australia and Japan.
Types Of Telecommunication Cables
There are three models of telecommunication cables; Optical fiber cable, paired cable and coaxial cable, each of which has its own unique features and benefits depending on the application. In addition to construction, telecommunication cables also differ from each other in terms of cost, transmission distance, and functional capabilities.
1-Twisted Pair Cable
The simple twisted-pair cable, whose prototype was invented in 1881 by Alexander Graham Bell without shielding, consists of two parallel insulated conductors of a circuit twisted together to reduce environmental interference. Today, these cables are also from the category of network cables and are mainly used in telephone and Ethernet, which are either shielded (STP) or unshielded (UTP). UTP is widely used in residential and commercial applications; They are also relatively less expensive, but produce less and weaker bandwidth. But STP cables have better noise resistance due to an extra layer of foil wrapped around each pair of wires, metal tape or foil covering all four wires. In STP cables, the additional coating eliminates the electromagnetic effect, but it also increases the price and increases the diameter and weight of the cable.
2- Fiber-Optic Cable
The newest of the three cable types is fiber optic cable, which transmits data via pulses of light through small glass tubes or optical fibers. With a transmission capacity 26,000 times greater than twisted cable, optical fiber has revolutionized telecommunications with its incredible speed.
Fiber optic cables are used in cable TV services, internet signals and telephone signal transmission. Due to its resistance to interference, the use of fiber optic cables is very common in establishing long-distance connections between cities and even countries.
Fiber optic cables are much more expensive than copper cables. However, fiber optic cable offers signals with greater bandwidth (up to 4700 MHz) and higher speeds (up to 200 Gbps) over greater distances (up to 50 miles). Optical fiber cable is very fragile and thin and requires great care during installation and maintenance.
3- Coaxial Cables
From the transmission of television signals to the establishment of Internet connections, they have been the mainstay of the telecommunications world and most people’s homes for some time, and are used to carry High-Frequency electrical signals. Coaxial cable is a type of conductive media made of plastic and copper wires that transmits the signal electrically, rather than optically. Core copper conductor is used to transmit signals and insulation to provide copper conductor insulation. The insulation is surrounded by a woven metal conductor that helps prevent electrical signals from interfering and preventing cross-talk. The entire assembly is again covered with a protective plastic layer to provide additional safety for the cable. Generally, these cables are used in close distances.
Combination Of Telecommunication Cables
Some cable assemblies have more than one type of telecommunication cable for optimal performance. For example, cable broadband, also called hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC), uses a combination of fiber-optic and coaxial cables to carry multiple signals at a wide range of frequencies and types of Internet traffic simultaneously to deliver blazing fast Internet speeds.
How Coaxial Cable Works
Coaxial cables consist of concentric layers of electrical conductors and insulating materials. This structure ensures that signals are protected inside the cable and electrical interference does not interfere with the signal. The primary conductor layer consists of a thin conductive wire made of solid or braided copper. A dielectric layer consisting of an insulating material with well-defined electrical properties surrounds the wire. The dielectric layer is then surrounded by a protective layer of metal foil or woven copper. All these elements are wrapped in an insulating cover. The outer metal shielding layer of the coaxial cable is usually attached to both ends of the connectors to filter signals and reduce the possibility of unwanted transmission.
Coaxial Cables Usage
Applications of coaxial cable include Internet connectivity, digital audio (S/PDIF), distribution of cable television signals, high-definition media interface connections, and power lines that connect radio transmitters and receivers. Coaxial cables are also used in CCTV cameras.
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Coaxial Cables
Easy installation, high bandwidth and simultaneous support are the characteristics of coaxial cables. Also, these cables have good resistance to cutting and are more durable than other telecommunication cables. In addition, they are less affected by noise or cross-talk or electromagnetic induction.
In addition to the above, some weaknesses of these cables should also be mentioned. For example, although these cables are cheaper than optical fiber cables, they still have a high price. The volume of these cables is large due to its multi-layered nature. These cables must be grounded to avoid any interference. There is also the possibility of hackers breaking the coaxial cable and plugging in the T-joint, which compromises data security.
Coaxial Cable Interference Problems
Coaxial cables face a wide range of interference types. One of these issues is related to signal leakage; This happens when an electromagnetic field passes through the outer shield of the cable. In other conditions, an external signal may leak through the insulation. Direct feeds to commercial radio broadcast towers have the least leakage and interference because their shields are smooth and conductive and have minimal gaps.
Coaxial Cable Or Fiber Optic?
Both types of cables can be used to transmit video, audio, and other forms of data, and both can offer distinct advantages and disadvantages to your network setup. Deciding which one is best for your situation depends on your connection distance and the amount of data you’re sending. Fiber optic cables carry a signal for many miles before needing a repeater.
Signal loss is higher in coaxial cable, so it should be used for shorter distances. Fiber optic cables carry much more data and are more expensive. In consumer environments such as low-scale residential uses, the use of optical fiber cables is less visible, but the use of these types of cables has a growing trend. Due to the cost of fiber vs. coaxial, fiber usually has a higher longevity. After installation, the price of dedicated Internet access through fiber will be higher than the common cable Internet connection.
Coaxial cables are easy to install and very durable. Because fiber optic cable has higher and faster data transmission than coaxial, they are best used for high-scale professional networks or multi-purpose units, such as commercial campuses, universities or high-density apartment complexes. For home use or medium-scale data transmission network, using coaxial cable is more suitable.
Conclusion
Kerman ZarCable Company, a specialized producer of various types of low voltage cables, offers a wide range of coaxial cables in the field of telecommunication cables. You can visitproducts of ZarCable company by referring to the products page.
Finally, coaxial cables can be considered an optimal and suitable option for use in medium and smaller distances and scales, which are more economical compared to other types of cables. Easier installation and maintenance of these cables, along with the transmission of High-Frequency currents, are other advantages of these cables.
